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Minggu, 27 Juni 2010

Free PDF Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich

Free PDF Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich

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Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich

Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich


Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich


Free PDF Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich

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Elementary Symbolic LogicBy William Gustason, Dolph E. Ulrich

This volume offers a serious study of the fundamentals of symbolic logic that will neither frustrate nor bore the reader. The emphasis is on developing the reader's grasp of standard techniques and concepts rather than on achieving a high degree of sophistication. Coverage embraces all of the standard topics in sentential and quantificational logic, including multiple quantification, relations, and identity. Semantic and deductive topics are carefully distinguished, and appendices include an optional discussion of metatheory for sentential logic and truth trees.

  • Sales Rank: #880434 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Waveland Pr Inc
  • Published on: 1989-01-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.25" h x 6.25" w x .50" l, .1 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 353 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"This remains a superb basic primer in symbolic logic. Great clarity on basic concepts." --Gary Jason, California State University, Fullerton

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PDF Download The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century

PDF Download The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century

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The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century

The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century


The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century


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The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century

Product details

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Audible Audiobook

Listening Length: 17 hours and 31 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

Version: Unabridged

Publisher: Tantor Audio

Audible.com Release Date: October 10, 2017

Language: English, English

ASIN: B075ZCWZ1M

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

Walter Scheidel tackles a very ambitious project here. He attempts nothing less than a one volume account of economic inequality throughout all of human history. In my opinion he succeeds brilliantly.This is a book of impressive scholarship. It is rare that someone is motivated to study this topic without an obvious political and policy agenda. Even after finishing the book I still could not tell you what Professor Scheidel’s political views are. The book is descriptive not prescriptive.The thesis of the book is that, throughout all of human history, only violent cataclysms and plagues have produced significant and long standing reductions in economic inequality. Peace and prosperity always tend to lead to increasing inequality over the long term. With the benefit of hindsight, this is less surprising than it first appears. The overwhelming majority of humans have always lived with little or no economic savings or financial net worth. That is the constant.Peace and prosperity necessarily change the net worth and income of the richest more than the poorest because the economic situation of the poorest just can’t get a lot worse. The effect of compounding earnings is very powerful and not intuitively well understood by most people. This effect is even more dramatic when it spans several generations in a family. Increasing (or at least high and stable) inequality has been the default tendency throughout all of human history.Scheidel cites what he calls the Four Horsemen of economic leveling: mass mobilization warfare, transformative revolution, state collapse and plagues as the only forces that have consistently led to major economic leveling. It is important to note that only mass mobilization warfare has this effect. Ordinary warfare tends to shift fortunes between victor and vanquished without overall leveling.The period of the 20th Century that included the two World Wars and the communist revolutions represented one of the great economic levelings in all of human history. Those of us who grew up just after those events consequently have a somewhat distorted view of what is a typical historical level of economic inequality. Before reading this book I felt that there was something abnormal about he increasing degree of economic inequality we see around us. After reading it I feel like I knew all along this was inevitable. It is a rare book that can change your perspective like that.Scheidel is not arguing that economic inequality is good. He is well aware of the role of plunder and cronyism in contributing to it. He realizes that economic inequality is problematic for a number of reasons including the possibility that it may contain the seeds of the next cataclysm. He is just giving the history here not making any argument about the appropriate policy response.It’s not that the cataclysms that produce leveling don’t also hurt the poor. They always do. It’s just that the rich have a lot more to lose when a lot of people lose everything. Scheidel closes with this: “All of us who prize greater economic equality would do well to remember that with the rarest of exceptions, it was only ever brought forth in sorrow. Be careful what you wish for.”To put it another way, and to put it in the words of Woody Allen, after the next great leveling we may well look back on the previous period of inequality and think “We were happy then but we didn’t know it."

Walter Scheidel, author of The Great Leveler, provides a scientifically rigorous, excruciatingly detailed and politically agnostic survey of wealth inequality from pre-history to the present. The focus is on factors that reduce, or level, that inequality and the core message is disheartening.Given the far-reaching scope, in both time and geography, finding reliable and comparable data related to wealth requires making some assumptions — actually, a LOT of assumptions. But he’s very straightforward about that, explaining each at length including, for example, how burial practices might indicate wealth, how measures of wheat could be stand in for wages and — at least in the modern world — how reported income may not accurately reflect hidden assets.He relies heavily on one metric especially, the Gini coefficient, which attempts to capture wealth inequality in a closed system (say, a country) in which zero represents full wealth and resource equality for all members (everyone has as much as everyone else) and 1 equaling maximum inequality, in which one person possesses all the wealth.It’s a thorough and far-reaching study leading to a disheartening and inescapable conclusion: wealth and resource inequality (which is maximized by the compounding advantages of wealth, access to political influence and the narrowing effects of inheritance) — has always been part of the human experience.In his view, only four things have ever leveled inequality in any significant way — mass mobilization warfare (WWI and WWII, for example), pandemics (the Plague), transformative revolutions (as in, the communist variety) and state collapse.He walks readers through many, many explorations of each of the four examples, studying before and after wealth and resource distribution from countries around the globe and throughout recorded history (and even a bit before).The research brings to life a troubling trend — a gulf of wealth inequality that continually increases, putting the capital and resources into the hands of a small (and shrinking) wealthy elite while extracting them from basically everyone else (especially the working- and lower-classes). Then one of the four levelers unwinds and the rich — who have the most to lose — slip down the social scale and working poor (who suddenly have a resource that’s in demand — their labor) are able to charge more and live more cheaply, and so move up the scale.Then it all starts over again.His research skills are incredible, so perhaps it’s no surprise the writing is solid but never lofty or in the slightest bit lyrical, but still is a punch in the gut.For example: “…in eleven of the twenty-one countries with published top incomes shares, the portion of all income obtained by the “1 percent” rose between 50 percent and more than 100 percent between 1980 and 2010. In 2012, inequality in the United States even set several records: in that year, top 1 percent income shares (both with and without capital gains) and the share of private wealth owned by the richest 0.01 percent of households for the first time exceeded the high water mark of 1929.”In other words, congratulation America, the chasm of inequality is now greater than during the era of the robber barons.The question the book raises, and one he frames specifically, is — given that inequality in the U.S. is at near historic levels (or beyond) — are there any leveling events that could close the gap, even briefly, and are there in ways we could use policy to reduce inequality. The answers, it seems, are no (short of a far-reaching nuclear conflagration, which he deems unlikely), and also no, given the lack of political will needed to redistribute wealth away from the controlling elite (even though there are scads of ways — dozens of which he lists — to at least nibble around the edges without actually leveling).It’s an important work that is, at times, mind-numbingly boring and at times pants-wettingly frightening, and almost always disheartening. I found myself almost rooting for a return of the plague, if only to knock the elites temporarily out of their golden towers and close the wealth gap just a tiny bit to the good old days of 1935.

Be careful with the audiobook.The book itself is quite good for what it's trying to do. It's a comprehensive summary of all the instances where inequality has changed throughout history, trying to establish the causes of these changes.Because the author wanted to be data-driven, precise and comprehensive, there is a lot of data and not much narrative.This is very well suited for a written book, where you can look at all the data on the pages at once, going back and forth from one data point to another.Unfortunately, it doesn't work for an audiobook. I had to rewind once every minute or two, totalling hundreds or thousands of times I had to rewind. It's also really hard to keep the focus on: when you're walking and hearing "the share of the national income to the top decile went from 17.6% to 15.2% between 1921 and 1933 in Australia, but 19.7% to 14.3% in France", it's pretty easy to zoom out.That would be ok if the audiobook came with a free kindle. Unfortunately, it doesn't. At the steep price of both versions, I don't think it's acceptable to only sell a barely usable one.

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Jumat, 25 Juni 2010

Free Download Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong

Free Download Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong

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Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong

Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong


Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong


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Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission (Neuromethods)By Nicholas Graziane, Yan Dong

Electrophysiological methods are used at nearly all levels of biological research today. From basic science investigation to bringing new drugs to market, electrophysiology is an indispensable research technique that provides essential insights into cellular and molecular functions. This work is intended to be a practical guide for understanding and using contemporary electrophysiological manipulations and assays in brain research. New researchers attempting to learn electrophysiological techniques are confronted with a lack of adequate guiding resources. Currently, most electrophysiology-based research knowledge is passed on by experienced individuals to others within the same laboratory. But, this master-apprentice scenario has many inherent difficulties, as it is both a time intensive process and also leads to incomplete knowledge transfer, or even superstitious and maladaptive practices. Few external guiding resources exist for a budding researcher who wishes to gain the skills necessary to conduct responsible and competent electrophysiology research. Dr. Yan Dong, an expert in utilizing electrophysiological techniques for brain research with fifteen years of experience, and Peter Neumann hope this work can act as a concise and practical aid to remedy the current situation.   This book will cover both basic methods and advanced techniques clearly and in depth, as well as the essential background and theory necessary to understand the methods. Additionally, this book also covers conventional and contemporary patch-clamp methods, experimental design, data collection and analysis, common pitfalls to avoid, important nuances, technical concerns, practical applications, and advice for teaching new researchers. Together, this represents a contemporary best-practices guide for collecting and interpreting electrophysiological data for brain research. ​

  • Sales Rank: #2821185 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-12-16
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.00" h x .69" w x 7.00" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 263 pages

Review

“This book can be consulted as a ‘how to’ manual for investigator. It is an excellent book for physiologists, biomathematicians, students, postdocs, engineers, and biochemists with an interest in neurophysiology. Established researchers may find it useful also.” (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, February, 2016)

From the Back Cover

Electrophysiology is one of the finest approaches capable of detecting and analyzing electrical events in the brain. However, like all other experimental approaches, it has its limitations. This book was created to serve as a guide for those endeavoring to understand the function of electrophysiology and its underlying components: neurons, neural systems, and the brain. It introduces and highlights important topics in the field of electrophysiology, while also extending these topics to practical electrophysiological approaches through the perspective of the two authors. This book is ideal for graduate students or junior postdoctoral fellows interested in starting a journey in synaptic neuroscience.

About the Author

Nicholas M. Graziane, Ph.D.

Dr. Graziane obtained his Ph.D. from The State University of New York at Buffalo, and did his first postdoctoral training at Brown University before joining Dr. Dong’s laboratory at University of Pittsburgh. He is a well-published electrophysiologist interested in neurocircuits implicated in psychiatric disease with a focus on the electrical properties of the neurons residing within these neurocircuits. His research interests have contributed to Dr. Graziane’s 10+ years of experience as an electrophysiologist and have enabled him to successfully train many undergraduate students, graduate students, and junior postdoctoral fellows who have been interested in beginning a career in electrophysiology. Currently, Dr. Graziane’s research focuses on synaptic and circuitry mechanisms underlying psychiatric and psychological disorders. He is funded through a National Research Scholar Award (NIH).

 

Yan Dong, Ph.D.

Dr. Dong became interested in brain function when he was in high school and started his electrophysiological training during college. He received his Ph.D. from the Chicago Medical School, and did his postdoctoral training at Stanford University. He established and supervised his first independent laboratory at Merck and Co. from 2004 to 2006 as a senior scientist. He then joined Washington State University as an assistant professor in the Program of Neuroscience. In 2012, he joined University of Pittsburgh, and is curr

ently an associate professor in the Department of Neuroscience. His research focuses on synaptic and circuitry mechanisms underlying psychiatric

and psychological disorders. His research has been supported by National Institutes of Health (US), Hope Foundation for Depression Research (US), and Humboldt Stiftung (Germany).

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